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Tuần 28: Reported speech | | 
24/02/2015 08:59:25 AM
| | - Lời nói gián tiếp là tường thuật lại ý của người nói với người thứ 3. Để làm bài tập chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, chúng ta phải bỏ ngoặc và chuyển động từ ngược về quá khứ một bậc, nghĩa là nếu động từ ở thì hiện tại thì chuyển về quá khứ đơn giản, nếu là quá khứ đơn giản thì chuyển về quá khứ hoàn thành.
- Nếu động từ chính ở thì Hiện tại đơn (Say), Hiện tại hoàn thành ( Have / Has said) hoặc Tương lai (Will say) thì trong lời trích dẫn ta chỉ đổi đại từ (pronoun)
Ex: She has said, “ I’m very tired” → She has said that she is very tired.
Một số thay đổi khi đổi sang lời nói gián tiếp như sau.
1. Thay đổi về thì động từ
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Trực tiếp
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Gián tiếp
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Ví dụ
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Simple
present
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Simple
past
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“I
feel sick”
→ He said he felt sick
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Present
continuous
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Past
continuous
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“I’m
writing a letter”
→He sais he was writing a letter
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Simple
past / Present perfect
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Past
perfect
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“I’ve
seen that film”
→He said he had seen that film
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Past
continuous
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Past
perfect continuous
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“I
was living in Viena then”
→He said he had been living in Vienna then
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Simple
future
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Future
in the past
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“I
will go to Japan
in July”
→He said he would go to Japan in July
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2. Thay đổi về
tính từ và trạng từ.
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Trực tiếp
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Gián tiếp
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Ví dụ
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This
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That
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“I
need this book”
→ He said he
needed that book
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These
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Those
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“I’ll
take these with me”
→He said he
would take those with me
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Here
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There
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“I’ll
return here at 3p.m”
→He said he
would return there at 3p.m
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Now
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Then
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“I’m
going now”
→ He siad he
was going then
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Today
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That
day
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“I’ll
do it today”
→He said the
would do it that day
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Yesterday
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The
day before
The
previous day
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“I
was at Hue
yesterday”
→He said he
had been at Hue
the day before
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Tomorrow
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The
day after
The
following day
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“We’ll
wait until tomorrow”
→ They said
they would wait the day after
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Ago
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Before
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“I
was in Dalat 3 weeks ago”
→He said he
had been in Dalat 3 weeks before
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Next
week
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The
week after
The
following week
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“I’ll
come to see her nexk week”
→He said he
would come to see her the week after
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3. Thay đổi với câu hỏi Yes / No
- Bỏ ngoặc thêm “if” hoặc “whether”
Ex: “Will he come?”, she asked → She asked if he would come
4. Với câu hỏi wh-
- Bỏ ngoặc giữ wh- và chuyển từ câu hỏi sang dạng không hỏi
Ex: “What time is it?” She asked → She asked what time it was
5. Với câu mệnh lệnh và yêu cầu
- Với loại tường thuật này chúng ta có thể sử dụng mẫu tường thuật: to tell /ask / command / request … someone to so smth
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Direct speech
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Indirect speech
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“Please
wait for a minute”
“You
really must listen to your father”
“Would
you mind opening the door?
“
Hurry up, Lan”
“Don’t
leave the room”
“Please
don’t talk in this part of the library”
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→ The man
asked me to wait for a minute
→ My teacher
told me to litsen to my father
→ She asked me
to open the door
→ He told Lan
to hurry up
→ He ordered
them not to leave the room
→ She asked me
not to talk in that part of the library
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6. Với lời đề
nghị giúp đỡ và sự đề nghị chúng ta dùng các động từ : offer,
promise, refuse, agree + to do smth.
|
Direct speech
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Indirect speech
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“We’ll
visit you”
“
I’ll try to make my mom happy”
“Let
me give you a helping hand”
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→ She promised
to visit us
→ The boy
promised to make his mom happy
→ He offered
to give me a helping hand
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Reported
speech with Infinitive
1. Verb + to
infinitive
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Verb + to infinitive
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Examples
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agree:
đồng ý
decide:
quyết định
offer:
đề nghị
promise:
hứa
refuse:
từ chối
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1.
“ Ok, I’ll give you a lift”
→ John
agreed to give me a gift
2.“I’ll
have the fish soup”
→ Jerry
decided to have the fish soup
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2. Verb + object
+ to infinitive
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Verb + object + to infinitive
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Examples
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advise:
khuyên
ask:
yêu cầu
encourage:
khuyến khích, động viên
invite:
mời
remind: nhắc , nhắc nhở
tell:
bảo
want: muốn
warn:
khuyến cáo
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1. “Don’t forget to send your mother a
birthday cake, Tom”
→ I reminded
Tom to send his mother a birthday cake
2. “
Would you like to come to the cinema with me on Saturday, Thomas?”
→ I
invited Thomas (to come) to the cinema with me on Saturday
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. Reported speech with Gerund
1. Suggest : đề nghị
“Shall we go for swim now?” → She suggested going for a swim
“What about playing tennis” → Tom suggested playing tennis
2. Admit: thừa nhận, chấp nhận
“ I know I am wrong” → He admitted being wrong
“I’ve broken the mirror” → She admitted breaking the mirror
3. Insist on: cố nài
- “I really need a break after lunch” → The boy insisted on having a break after lunch
- “Please come on! Lend me some money” →The woman insisted on lending some money
4. Apologize for: xin lỗi về
“Sorry I’ve hurt you” →She apologized for having hurt me
“Sorry I’m late” → The man apologized for being late
5. Accuse sb of: buộc tội ai về
“You’ve stolen my bicycle” → The boy accused his friend of having stolen his bicycle
“It’s you who broke my glassed” → The old lady accused the girl of having broken her glasses.
6. Dream of: mơ về
“I deperatedly want to become a doctor” →He dreamed of becoming a doctor
“ What I always want is to see my family again”
→ She dreamed of seeing her family again
7. Prevent sb from: ngăn không cho ai làm gì
“I won’t allow you to get in touch with him”
→ Her father prevented her from touching with him
“I can’t let you use the mobile phone”
→Her mother prevented her from using mobile phone.
8. Deny: chối
“ I didn’t say that” →She denied saying that
“I didn’t turn on the TV” → He denied turning on the TV
9. Thank sb for: cảm ơn ai về
“It’s really nice of you to visit me” → She thanked him for visiting her
“It’s very kind of you to lend me some money”
→ He thanked her for lending him some money.
10. Think of: nghĩ đến
“I like the car. I will buy it” →The woman thought of buying the car
“The woman is very poor. I think we should help her”
→ The woman thought of helping the poor woman.
11. Look forward to: trông
- “I feel like going to America soon” → The woman looked forward to going to America soon
- “ I can’t wait to meet you again” → The boy looked forward to meeting his mother again
Tải tài liệu gốc tại: Đây
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