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Tuần 28: Reported speech

  24/02/2015 08:59:25 AM 
- Lời nói gián tiếp là tường thuật lại ý của người nói với người thứ 3. Để làm bài tập chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, chúng ta phải bỏ ngoặc và chuyển động từ ngược về quá khứ một bậc, nghĩa là nếu động từ ở thì hiện tại thì chuyển về quá khứ đơn giản, nếu là quá khứ đơn giản thì chuyển về quá khứ hoàn thành.

- Nếu động từ chính ở thì Hiện tại đơn (Say), Hiện tại hoàn thành ( Have / Has said) hoặc Tương lai (Will say) thì trong lời trích dẫn ta chỉ đổi đại từ (pronoun)

Ex: She has said, “ I’m very tired” → She has said that she is very tired.

Một số thay đổi khi đổi sang lời nói gián tiếp như sau.

1. Thay đổi về thì động từ

Trực tiếp

Gián tiếp

Ví dụ

Simple present

Simple past

“I feel sick”

→ He said he felt sick

Present continuous

Past continuous

“I’m writing a letter”

→He sais he was writing a letter

Simple past / Present perfect

Past perfect

“I’ve seen that film”

→He said he had seen that film

Past continuous

Past perfect continuous

“I was living in Viena then”

→He said he had been living in Vienna then

Simple future

Future in the past

“I will go to Japan in July”

→He said he would go to Japan in July

2. Thay đổi về tính từ và trạng từ.

Trực tiếp

Gián tiếp

Ví dụ

This

That

“I need this book”

→ He said he needed that book

These

Those

“I’ll take these with me”

→He said he would take those with me

Here

There

“I’ll return here at 3p.m”

→He said he would return there at 3p.m

Now

Then

“I’m going now”

→ He siad he was going then

Today

That day

“I’ll do it today”

→He said the would do it that day

Yesterday

The day before

The previous day

“I was at Hue yesterday”

→He said he had been at Hue the day before

Tomorrow

The day after

The following day

“We’ll wait until tomorrow”

→ They said they would wait the day after

Ago

Before

“I was in Dalat 3 weeks ago”

→He said he had been in Dalat 3 weeks before

Next week

The week after

The following week

“I’ll come to see her nexk week”

→He said he would come to see her the week after

3. Thay đổi với câu hỏi Yes / No

- Bỏ ngoặc thêm “if” hoặc “whether”

Ex: “Will he come?”, she asked → She asked if he would come

4. Với câu hỏi wh-

- Bỏ ngoặc giữ wh- và chuyển từ câu hỏi sang dạng không hỏi

Ex: “What time is it?” She asked → She asked what time it was

5. Với câu mệnh lệnh và yêu cầu

- Với loại tường thuật này chúng ta có thể sử dụng mẫu tường thuật: to tell /ask / command / request … someone to so smth

Direct speech

Indirect speech

“Please wait for a minute”

“You really must listen to your father”

“Would you mind opening the door?

“ Hurry up, Lan”

“Don’t leave the room”

“Please don’t talk in this part of the library”

→ The man asked me to wait for a minute

→ My teacher told me to litsen to my father

→ She asked me to open the door

→ He told Lan to hurry up

→ He ordered them not to leave the room

→ She asked me not to talk in that part of the library

6. Với lời đề nghị giúp đỡ và sự đề nghị chúng ta dùng các động từ : offer, promise, refuse, agree + to do smth.

Direct speech

Indirect speech

“We’ll visit you”

“ I’ll try to make my mom happy”

“Let me give you a helping hand”

→ She promised to visit us

→ The boy promised to make his mom happy

→ He offered to give me a helping hand

Reported speech with Infinitive

1. Verb + to infinitive

Verb + to infinitive

Examples

agree: đồng ý

decide: quyết định

offer: đề nghị

promise: hứa

refuse: từ chối

1. “ Ok, I’ll give you a lift”

→ John agreed to give me a gift

2.“I’ll have the fish soup”

→ Jerry decided to have the fish soup

2. Verb + object + to infinitive

Verb + object + to infinitive

Examples

advise: khuyên

ask: yêu cầu

encourage: khuyến khích, động viên

invite: mời

remind: nhắc , nhắc nhở

tell: bảo

want: muốn

warn: khuyến cáo

1. “Don’t forget to send your mother a birthday cake, Tom”

→ I reminded Tom to send his mother a birthday cake

2. “ Would you like to come to the cinema with me on Saturday, Thomas?”

→ I invited Thomas (to come) to the cinema with me on Saturday

.

Reported speech with Gerund

1. Suggest : đề nghị

“Shall we go for swim now?” → She suggested going for a swim

“What about playing tennis” → Tom suggested playing tennis

2. Admit: thừa nhận, chấp nhận

“ I know I am wrong” → He admitted being wrong

“I’ve broken the mirror” → She admitted breaking the mirror

3. Insist on: cố nài

- “I really need a break after lunch” → The boy insisted on having a break after lunch

- “Please come on! Lend me some money” →The woman insisted on lending some money

4. Apologize for: xin lỗi về

“Sorry I’ve hurt you” →She apologized for having hurt me

“Sorry I’m late” → The man apologized for being late

5. Accuse sb of: buộc tội ai về

“You’ve stolen my bicycle” → The boy accused his friend of having stolen his bicycle

“It’s you who broke my glassed” → The old lady accused the girl of having broken her glasses.

6. Dream of: mơ về

“I deperatedly want to become a doctor” →He dreamed of becoming a doctor

“ What I always want is to see my family again”

→ She dreamed of seeing her family again

7. Prevent sb from: ngăn không cho ai làm gì

“I won’t allow you to get in touch with him”

→ Her father prevented her from touching with him

“I can’t let you use the mobile phone”

→Her mother prevented her from using mobile phone.

8. Deny: chối

“ I didn’t say that” →She denied saying that

“I didn’t turn on the TV” → He denied turning on the TV

9. Thank sb for: cảm ơn ai về

“It’s really nice of you to visit me” → She thanked him for visiting her

“It’s very kind of you to lend me some money”

→ He thanked her for lending him some money.

10. Think of: nghĩ đến

“I like the car. I will buy it” →The woman thought of buying the car

“The woman is very poor. I think we should help her”

→ The woman thought of helping the poor woman.

11. Look forward to: trông

- “I feel like going to America soon” → The woman looked forward to going to America soon

- “ I can’t wait to meet you again” → The boy looked forward to meeting his mother again


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